4 Urotherapy is regarded as a ‘specialization’ and can be performed by health care professionals like a nurse, physiotherapist, or psychologist, who has had specific training. Due to multifactorial aetiology of the condition, the professional is expected to provide care for these children with intertwined somatic, psychosocial, and behavioural problems. Important indicator of lower health related quality of life is the severity of incontinence and/or comorbidities, like social and emotional problems. 4. This book contains proven steps and strategies on how to correctly apply the principles of urotherapy. Using clinical cases, we aim to present the realities of practice. We hope that this will facilitate urotherapists including nurses and physiotherapists to master essential information on bladder and bowel problems, diagnostics and therapeutic tools including biofeedback, behavioural interventions, and pharmacologic therapy. Each of the 5 cases present the story of a unique child with one or several conditions related to bladder and/or bowel. The cases cover school-age children with different backgrounds and conditions of functional bladder disturbances, like constipation, overactive bladder, dysfunctional voiding, giggle incontinence, underactive bladder and bedwetting, as well as a variety of aspects of urotherapy assessment, diagnosis, and intervention. The text contains hyperlinks providing useable materials, such as a bladder diary, drawings, explanations and training instructions. Assessment, diagnostics and the urotherapy elements are emphasized throughout each case, helping to promote clinical decision-making. 2. Learning Objectives Topics addressed: - Diagnostics: how to assess the child and prioritize care appropriately. How to formulate a diagnosis/sub-diagnosis based on the medical and psychosocial history - Diagnostics tools: how to use flowmetry, bladder diary, ultrasound and questionnaires
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