Intermittent catheterisation in children September 2016 Dilatation The term dilatation refers to the condition of an anatomical structure being stretched beyond its normal dimensions. Catheterisation techniques Catheterisation techniques are the various ways used to perform catheterisation. Clean technique This is catheterisation with good hand hygiene where a sterile or non-sterile catheter is used alongside genital cleansing. Note The abbreviations CIC and CISC are often used interchangeably. CIC is the abbreviation for clean intermittent catheterisation. It is recommended that this term is used when carers carry out catheterisation. CISC is the abbreviation for clean intermittent self-catheterisation, and is used when the child itself performs the catheterisation. No-touch technique Performed with a ready-to-use catheter without touching it. Post-void residual (PVR) Post-void residual is defined as the volume of urine left in the bladder after voiding.1 Sterile technique A completely sterile technique that is only used in operating theatres. This technique implies that all the materials are sterile. The person who carries out the catheterisation wears sterile clothes, including sterile gloves. It is often confused with the aseptic technique. Urethral intermittent catheterisation Urethral intermittent catheterisation (IC) is defined as the intermittent drainage of the bladder or a urinary reservoir via the urethra with the help of a catheter.1 Urethral stricture/stenosis A urethral stricture or stenosis is a narrowing in the urethra. Urinary retention Acute retention of urine is a painful, palpable or percussable bladder, where the patient is unable to pass urine. Chronic retention of urine is defined as a non-painful bladder, which remains palpable or percussable after the patient has passed urine.1 Urine Incontinence (UI) Urinary incontinence means involuntary leakage of urine; it can be continuous or intermittent. The subdivisions of incontinence include continuous incontinence, intermittent incontinence, daytime incontinence and enuresis. Urinary tract infection (UTI) Is defined as a combination of clinical age-related features along with the presence of bacteria in a reliable urine culture. Generally a UTI is caused by a single organism that is present in a concentration of more than 105 colony forming units per millilitre (CFU/ml). This level has not yet been formally validated for use in children. The following cut-off values are used: Urine collected via midstream or clean catch after cleansing the genitals with water: > 105 CFU/ml Urine collection via single-use catheter: > 104 CFU/ml Urine collection via ultrasound-guided suprapubic bladder puncture: > 103 CFU/ml Recurrent UTI A recurrent UTI is defined as:
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